E-Learning

E-Learning

With e-learning options, students can learn at their own pace

Definitions:

E-learning is a general term for education, training and information delivered by computers.

Or

E-learning means using new multimedia technologies and the internet to improve the quality of learning.

Or

E-learning is a means of education that incorporates self-motivation, communication, efficiency and technology.

Or

E-learning is commonly referred to the intentional use of networked information and communications technology in teaching and learning.

A number of other terms are also used to describe this mode of teaching and learning. They include online learning, virtual learning, distributed learning, network and web based learning.

E-learning (electronic learning): Term covering a wide set of applications and processes. It include the delivery of content via Internet, Intranet / Extranet (LAN/WAN), Audio and Video Tape, Text, Animation, Satellite Broadcast, CD-ROM, and many more.

M-learning (mobile learning): Course content or other educational information delivered to or usable as audio or video on mobile devices such as MP3 players, Smartphone and personal digital assistants (PDAs).

Multimedia technologies allow the use of movie, audio & text resources to enrich the content.

Internet gives easy access to resources and services. E-learning simulates remote exchanges and collaboration.

Three Objectives of E-learning

1.     Help the individual to realize his or her full potential and lead a happy and fruitful life.

2.     Reduce the disparities and inequalities between individuals or groups.

3.     Ensure that the skills available meet the needs of business and employers. 

Needs of E-learning

Learning tools needed for E-learning:

1.   Training Materials: Titles in all formats -WBT, CD-ROM, video, text, books…

2.     WBT Library: WBT titles downloadable

3.     Total Learning Management Solution

4.  Collaboration: Business collaboration software for discussion groups, chat rooms, etc.

5.     Test Management: Testing software for tracking test results

6.     Free Personal Consulting: Live Learning Management Consultants

7.     Certification Software: Certification preparation programs for Novell, Linux, Windows and other applications 

How it works

E-learning focuses on the individual learner, often before the learning has focused around the teacher and the will of the instructors and institutions with the e-learning they have to think of the students as customers. With that philosophy they have to complete for the learners interest. The customers choose from many different providers and media.

From instructor-centric to learner-centric

Types of E-learning

1.  Computer Based Training (CBT)

Computer based training is an asynchronous kind of a e-learning. CBT makes the user interact with the computer instead of a human; the computer takes the place of the instructor. 

2.  Web Based Training (WBT)

WBT uses Internet as well as other networks. (WBT sometimes works as CBT)

Web Based Training (WBT): It is also called as Online Learning.

We should distinguish WBT into two types:

·    Enhanced Learning: The learner can meet face-to-face with the teacher. Real Classroom learning & some material placed on a web page on the net.

·  Delivered Learning: This type of learning is also called “Distance Education”, “Distributed Education” or “Distance Learning”. This type of learning is either asynchronous, synchronous or a combination of them both.

3.  Instructor-Led Training (ILT): This is most common form of training is conducted at the same pace for all the learners in the class. Most learners are familiar with the way ILT works. At the same time ILT is costly to deploy (organise or arrange) because of the need to either move people to the trainer or move the trainer to the people.

4. Text-based Training (TBT): Training’s first technology innovation was the printed word. As a self-paced tool, it requires no additional equipment. It’s cheap, portable and scalable. Yet, its content is static and difficult to update, it is inflexible to the needs of the learners, not interactive and provides limited opportunity for remediation.

5.  CD-ROM: Technology based training, disconnected learning, highly interactive to range of learners. It is costly and time consuming to develop and difficult to update.

6.  High-Bandwidth Internet (HBI): Strength of ILT, plus scalable, high quality video capacity.

7.   Asynchronous :

Asynchronous instruction not occurring in real time; not simultaneous. Distance education, credit-granting education or training courses delivered to remote (off-campus) location(s) via audio, video, or computer technologies, such as the internet.

Examples are self-paced courses taken via the internet or CD-ROM, Online discussion groups, and email.

8.  Synchronous :

A real-time, instructor-led online learning event in which all participants are logged on at the same time and communicate directly with each other. In this virtual classroom setting, the instructor maintains control of the class, with the ability to “call on” participants. In most platforms, students and teachers can use a whiteboard to see work in progress and share knowledge.

Interaction may also occur via audio- or videoconferencing, internet telephony, or two-way live broadcasts.

The different types of e-learning are based on:

1.   Means of communication

There are different means for individuals to communicate with each other and their instructor. Blended e-learning includes elements of web interaction and in-person interaction. Technology broadens the definition of face-to-face as there can be the use of two way video, and two way audio.

2.   Schedule

E-learning can either be Synchronous or Asynchronous.

Synchronous means that real-time communication is implemented, such as video conferencing, teleconferencing, and on-line chat programs.

Asynchronous indicates that other means of communication are utilized that do not require real time responses. Examples of asynchronous e-learning include; e-mail, list serves, threaded discussions, blogs, and on-line forums.

3.  E-Learning Class Structure

E-learning class structure addresses how the instruction is administered. E-learning can be self-paced, instructor-led, or self-study with an expert.

Self-paced instruction is administered by giving the learner the materials he/she needs to complete the training/instruction.

Instructor-led training affords the learner a guide to implement the instruction.

Self-study with an expert is a combination of self-paced and instructor-led. As in self-paced, the learner is responsible for staying on task and on schedule, however as in instructor-led, there is interaction with an authority figure that checks the learners' progress.

4.   Technology

Technology used to implement instruction is not limited to web-based materials. Video/Audio tape, aside from being an obsolete technology is a viable means to implement instruction. The creation of the Internet subsequently created e-learning, as dial-up connections were replaced by cable modems, speed and bandwidth increased; The quality of on-line instruction improved because computers were able to support the media. As speed increases and devices become smaller and more mobile; training will become more flexible.

EPSS (Electronic Performance Support System): 1) A computer application that’s linked directly to another application to train or guide workers through completing a task in the target application. 2) More generally, a computer or other device that gives workers information or resources to help them accomplish a task or achieve performance requirements.

Virtual Classroom: The online learning space where students and instructors interact. Or To create a computer based environment which can replace the original physical classrooms.

Virtual: Not concrete or physical. For instance, a completely virtual university does not have actual buildings but instead holds classes over the internet.

The virtual classroom is ….

1.     Static web pages used to deliver course administrative materials.

2.     An online schoolroom such as classroom.

3.     Virtual chat spaces or offices.

4.     A teleconferencing classroom with all the resplendent hardware.

Learning Management Systems (LMS): are powerful automation tools that deliver, track, coordinate, quantify and otherwise manage all training, education and certification.

Or

Software that automates the administration of training.

Learning Content Management System (LCMS): is a robust (strong) and scalable platform that offers e-learning content management and assembly, personalised content delivery, learner collaboration, learner tracking and assessment, web-based training administration and database administration.

What factors and/or skills contribute to being a successful student (learner) in an e-learning class?

1. Self-discipline

2. Patience

3. Self-motivation

4. Communication

5. Asking questions

6. Knowledge of how e-learning works

7. Familiarity with the software

8. Time management

9. Ability to work independently

10. Ability to communicate with groups via distance

11. Active participation in the class

12. Being able to compromise and communicate effectively

13. Ability to multitask

Levels of e-learning:

1. Knowledge Databases –These databases are the most basic form of e-learning. Knowledge databases on software sites offering indexed explanations and guidance for software questions, along with step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks. These are usually moderately interactive, meaning that you can either type in a key word or phrase to search the database, or make a selection from an alphabetical list.   

   

2. Online Support –Online support is also a form of e-learning and functions in a similar manner to knowledge databases. Online support comes in the form of forums, chat rooms, online bulletin boards, e-mail, or live instant-messaging support. Slightly more interactive than knowledge databases, online support offers the opportunity for more specific questions and answers, as well as more immediate answers.

 3. Asynchronous Training –This is e-learning in the more traditional sense of the word. It involves self-paced learning, CD-ROM-based, Network-based, Intranet-based or Internet-based. It may include access to instructors through online bulletin boards, online discussion groups and e-mail. Or, it may be totally self-contained with links to reference materials in place of a live instructor. 

4. Synchronous Training – Synchronous training is done in real-time with a live instructor facilitating the training. Everyone logs in at a set time and can communicate directly with the instructor and with each other. You can raise your cyber hand and even view the cyber whiteboard. This type of training usually takes place via Internet Web sites, audio- or video-conferencing, Internet telephone, or even two-way live broadcasts. 

Video Conferencing 

Multipoint Control Unit (up to 4 screen)

Blended Learning - that is a learning solution created through a mixture of face-to-face, live e-learning, self-paced learning as well through a mix of media - "the magic is in the mix!" or "the beauty is in the blend!“

Advantages of E-learning

1] It’s less expensive to produce.

2] It’s self-paced & flexible.

3] Improved collaboration and interactivity among students.

4] The information delivered can be consistent to all users

5] It can work from any location and any time.

6] Content can be updated easily and quickly.

7] It can lead to increased retention and a stronger grasp on the subject.

8] It can be easily managed for large group of students.

9] Effective Learning.

10] Substantial cost savings due to elimination of travel expenses.

 Advantages

Disadvantage of E-learning

1. Learners need to have access to a computer as well as the Internet.
2. They also need to have computer skills with programs such as word processing, Internet browsers and e-mail.
3. Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials difficult. This may cause the learners to get frustrated and give up.
4. Managing computer files and online learning software.

 E-Learning Team

·         Project Managers

·         Instructional Designers

·         Subject Matter Experts

·         Programmers

·         Technical Writers

·         Graphics Artists, Animators, and Videographers

·         Quality Controllers

Traditional & E-learning Approach:

Traditional and E-learning approaches
	Traditional Classroom	E-Learning
Classroom	•        Physical – limited size •        Synchronous	•        Unlimited •        Anytime, anywhere
Content	•        PowerPoint/transparency/etc •        Textbooks/library •        Video •        Collaboration	•        Multimedia / simulation •        Digital library •        On demand •        Syn & Asyn. Communication
Personalisation	•        One learning path	•        Learning path and pace determined by learner

1) E-learning tools: E-mail

•          Every teacher should have an e-mail account

•          Communicate with students

•          Communicate with parents

•          Students can submit assignment

•          Can have attachments

•          Create a paperless environment

•          Simple but effective

•          Efficient and cost effective

2) E-learning tools: Chat

•          Synchronous communication tool

•          Communicate with students

•          Communicate with parents

•          More students participate

•          Collaborative learning

3) E-learning tools: Online Forum

•          Asynchronous discussion forum

•          Teacher can create discussion groups

•          Teacher could post a question and request students to comment

•          Students can post their comments

•          Can encourage community participation

•          Collaborative learning can be fostered

•          Feedback from diverse culture

4) E-learning Tools: Web

•          Wide range of materials available

•          It is a resource center

•          Sharing of resources

•          Supported by images, audio, simulation and multimedia

5) E-learning tools: Video Conference

•          Can conduct a live lecture

•          Communication with students

•          Communication with parents

•          Support by audio, chat and whiteboard

•          Support sharing of applications

•          Can be recorded and later be used for on demand lectures

•          Demo…

Standards for E-Learning:

Standards impose certain order providing more uniform and precise access and manipulation to e-Learning resources and data. There are number of organizations working to develop specifications and standards such as IMS, ADL, ARIADNE, IEEE, ISO etc to provide frame work for e-Learning architectures, to facilitate interoperability, content packaging, content management, Learning Object Meta data, course sequencing and many more.

The Department of Defense (DOD) established the ADL Initiative in 1997 to standardize and modernize training and education management and delivery. The ADL Initiative created an international community to collaboratively develop a cost-effective distributed learning model that is consistent across national and organizational borders. To achieve this goal, ADL worked with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-based Training) Committee (AICC), the IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc., and the Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring & Distribution Networks for Europe (ARIADNE). These organizations develop guidelines and specifications that make learning software accessible, interoperable, durable, and reusable.

1. Technical Standards Defined

Technical standards were created to govern how e-Learning content and Learning Management Systems communicate with each other. The primary benefit of these standards is interoperability. Courses that are developed to be standards-conformant integrate easily into LMSs that are compliant with the same standards.

2. AICC

The Aviation Industry CBT Committee (AICC) is a nonprofit, membership-driven consortium dedicated to helping the training community get the most out of training technology. AICC brings together trainers, courseware developers, software vendors, simulator designers and airframe manufacturers to develop standards, technology recommendations and analysis of best practices.

3. SCORM

The Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) integrates a set of related technical standards, specifications, and guidelines designed to meet requirements including accessibility, interoperability, durability, and reusability of content and systems.

SCORM content can be delivered to your learners via any SCORM-conformant Learning Management System (LMS) using the same version of SCORM.